Documents
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Glossary
CHP Equipment
CHP Technology
CHP Market Potential
- Montana Woody Biomass Utilization Strategy (November 2011) The Montana Woody Biomass Utilization Strategy has two parts: 1) An assessment of biomass utilization opportunities; and 2) A strategy for sustaining and enhancing utilization. CHP is found on pages 18-19. Strategies including CHP are found on pages 23-25
- Washington Dairies and Digesters (October 2011) Report on dairies and digesters of Washington by the Washington Department of Agriculture. This report provides details about Washington’s dairy farms, profiles of the six operating digesters, and other valuable information, including a map of the dairies and digesters. For a map that shows the utility service territories of the dairies and digesters of Washington, click here.
- State of Washington Clean Energy Opportunity: Technical Market Potential for CHP (August 2010) What is the technical potential for CHP in Washington? The state of Washington has significant clean energy technical market potential – well over 4000 MW! CHP provides significant energy efficiency improvements and economic benefits as compared to stand-alone power generation.
- Clean Heat and Power in the Pacific Northwest: Market Assessment (August 2004) This report provides: 1) A comprehensive review of current CHP capacity in the Pacific Northwest including a database by each state; 2) A review of the economic and technical market potential for additional CHP; 3) A review of barriers and incentives to CHP; and 4) Recommended actions to increase CHP deployment.
- This Combined Heat and Power White Paper (January, 2006) was prepared for the Western Governors' Association (WGA) at the invitation of the WGA's Clean and Diversified Energy Advisory Committee.
CHP Finance
CHP and Natural Gas
- Natural Gas Price Forecast (August 2011) The Northwest Power and Conservation Council forecasts fuel prices including natural gas. Forecasted prices are provided to 2030 in 2010 constant dollars in this update. Wellhead, Sumas gate, West-side delivered and East-side delivered price information is provided on page 6. This information is useful for analysis of proposed natural gas CHP systems.
- Comparing Pipes and Wires (March 2004) This study is a capital cost analysis of energy transmission via natural gas pipelines and overhead electric wires.
CHP Interconnection and Impact on the Electrical Grid
- Avoiding Distribution System Upgrade Costs Using Distributed Generation (January 2004) This study analyzed the impact that a number of distributed generation systems had on avoiding electrical distribution system upgrades.
- Freeing the Grid: Best Practices in State Net Metering Policies and Interconnection Procedures (December 2010) Policy guide that grades states on two key programs: net metering and interconnection procedures. Now in its fourth year of publication, the 2010 report indicates that states continue to drive progress in the nation’s renewable energy economy. Freeing the Grid is produced annually by NNEC (Network for New Energy Choices)
- Model Interconnection Procedures (2009 edition) put out by IREC. IREC’s model procedures were last updated in late 2006. Since then they have identified several important evolutions in best practices and synthesized them into these updated model interconnection procedures.
- Connecting to the Grid: A Guide to Distributed Generation Interconnection Issues (2009, 6th edition). Despite growing demand for a cleaner, more reliable energy source, there remains a lack of uniform policies that allow renewable energy generators to connect to the utility grid. This guide is designed for state regulators and other policymakers, utilities, industry representatives and consumers interested in the development of state-level interconnection standards.
CHP Legal, Institutional, and Regulatory Topics
- CHP Legal, Institutional and Regulatory Guidebook. This guidebook provides a detailed but not exhaustive review of the legal, institutional and regulatory subject matters surrounding CHP. The guidebook is available on CD from the Northwest CHP Application Center.
CHP Polices and Barrier Reduction
CHP and the Environment
- Output-Based Regulations: Best Practices, Joel Bluestein, ICF International (January 2009) Discussion of what Output-Based Regulation is, the enefits of it, how to implement it and who has already implemented it.
- Output Based New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), Christian Fellner, U.S. EPA (January 2009) Discusses original standards and amendments to NSPS and the NSPS for three different stationary source technologies
- Output-based Allocation Methodology under CT’s NOx Budget Programs & CHP Set-Aside under CT’s RGGI Rule, Chris Nelson, CT DEP (January 2009) Discusses evolution of Connecticut’s allocation methodology for their NBP’s and CHP Set-Aside under their RGGI Rule; Provides comparison chart for NOx allocation methodology; CO2 allocations; Distribution of CO2 allowances; and EPS’s in Connecticut
- Factsheet: EPA Combined Heat and Power Partnership - Draft (July 2011) EPA and CHP Partnerships’ factsheet on why output-based environmental regulations are an effective policy to support a clean energy supply. Lists the benefits of using more efficient combustion technologies, ways to incorporate output-based approaches into air regulatory approaches and which states have established OBR’s. WA Air Emission Regulations (RCWs) CO2 mitigation: 80.70 RCW Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 80.80 RCW
- Output-Based Regulations: A Handbook for Air Regulators (August 2004) Handbook put out by EPA’s Green Power Partnership and the CHP Partnership; Discusses trends supporting increased use of Output-based regulations (OBR’s), what is an OBR, why adopt them, how to develop your own, and examples of OBR’s.
- Guide to Action (EPA) (April 2006) EPA’s document which describes what output-based regulations are, their objective, benefits, and how states can develop their own. Gives state examples.
- Staff Research Brief – Governor’s Energy Policy Council (2006) Energy Policy Brief for Georgia on output-based regulations, why OBR’s are relevant to Georgia’s state energy strategy, how to implement an output-based emission standard. Although this brief was created for Georgia’s energy policy, it presents relevant information for every state.
- Example: Connecticut (January 2005) Connecticut’s regulations for distributed generators that became effective in 2005. Although this document provides the regulations for owners/operators of distributed generators of Connecticut, elements of it can be used as a guide for operators and/or owners of distributed generators in other states.
- Example: Massachusetts (July 2004) Massachusetts NOx Allowance Trading Program Regulation that incorporates the Public Benefit Set-Aside Amendments. Discusses purpose and scope of the program, definitions of terms, allowance allocations, etc.
- Report/Rationale/Status: The Regulatory Assistance Project (September 2008) Discusses generation performance standards in the U.S. electric sector; Provides historical context for state and local air quality control programs, rationale for output-based allocations and emission standards, development of the standards, what the future of output-based emission standards is, and advantages of them for China.
Climate Change and Carbon Credits
Cooling, Heating, and Power for Buildings
District Energy Feasibility Studies
Energy Efficiency
- Unlocking Energy Efficiency in the U.S. Economy (July 2009) -- This report by McKinsey Global Energy provides a detailed review of energy efficiency opportunities in the U.S. economy. It includes a 4 page assessment of the potential as well as the existing barriers for CHP in the U.S. The CHP section is on pages 86 – 89 and on pages 93-94 CHP’s fit with carbon reduction strategies are shown. Waste heat recovery potentials in the industrial sector are shown on page 79.
Manufacturers / Equipment Suppliers / Project Developers
Notes:
- Many of the equipment manufacturers and suppliers will also develop projects. Many of the project developers will also own and operate a recycled energy system on behalf of a customer.
- Companies with logos shown have supported the U.S. DOE Intermountain Clean Energy Application Center, either financially or as an active participant in our advisory group.
- Not listed? Contact Us
- Inclusion in this list does not imply endorsement.
Utility Rates
Waste Heat Recovery-to-Power
- Overview of Waste Heat Recovery Technologies for Power and Heat, (Sept. 2010) Carolyn Roos, Phd.
- An Overview of Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Technologies for Moderate Temperatures Less Than 1000ºF, (Sept. 2009) Carolyn Roos, Phd.
- Waste Heat Management Options -- Industrial Process Heating Systems, (August 2009) Dr. Arvind C. Thekdi
- Status of Waste Heat to Power Projects on Natural Gas Pipelines, (November 2009) Bruce Hedman for INGAA. This report reviews the status of waste heat recovery to power projects on pipeline compressor drives in North America as of September 2009, and represents a follow-on analysis to the February 2008 report entitled “Waste Energy Recovery Opportunities for Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines”
- Waste Heat Recovery: Technology and Opportunities in U.S. Industry, (March 2008) BCS for U.S. DOE Industrial Technologies Program. This report investigates industrial waste heat recovery practices, opportunities, and barriers in order to identify technology research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) needed to enable further recovery of industrial waste heat losses.
- Waste Energy Recovery Opportunities for Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines, (February 2008) ICF for INGAA. This report summarizes an analysis of three waste energy recovery opportunities applicable to the interstate natural gas pipeline system and also evaluates the current status of pipeline energy recovery projects in the U.S.
- Waste Heat Recovery for Power and Heat Workshop - 2010
Chicago, IL
- Waste Heat-To-Power Generation Workshop - 2007
Houston, TX
- Waste Heat-To-Power Generation Workshop - 2006
Irvine, CA
- Waste Heat-To-Power Generation Workshop - 2005
Irvine, CA
- ORC and Kalina: Analysis and Experience, (Dec. 2003) This PowerPoint presentation describes and analyzes ORC and Kalina systems.
- ORC – Qualified Energy Recovery. This is a PowerPoint presentation by ORMAT describing ORC and potential applications.
- U.S. Department of Energy Distributed Energy Program fact sheet entitled CHP Technologies Basics. This website has several other excellent CHP publications.
- CHP Fact Sheet: Have you asked all the right questions? This is an important factsheet to avoid project difficulties later.
- U.S. Clean Heat and Power Association’s website has a section titled CHP Basics. This website provides other CHP background information.
- A Review of Existing Cogeneration Facilities in Canada, (March 2004) This publication is an excellent primer on CHP technologies and the development of quality CHP systems.
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